It is National Doughnut Day today. This raises two main questions:
- Why is there a National Doughnut Day?
- Isn’t the correct spelling for a sweet fried-dough cake donut?
We’ll leave the first question to any historians of baked goods out there, but the second one is our area of expertise. Let us look, then, at whether there is any difference between a doughnut and a donut.
The History of Doughnut
The spelling “doughnut” has been around since the early nineteenth century. Its first recorded use in writing comes from Washington Irving’s description of a tea party in his History of New York. These parties were:
[A]lways sure to boast an enormous dish of sweetened dough, fried in hog’s fat, and called doughnuts or olykoeks—a delicious kind of cake, at present scarce known in this city, except in genuine Dutch families.
The “olykoeks” mentioned here were a similar foodstuff that arrived in America with Dutch immigrants. This Dutch term translates roughly to “oil cakes,” though, so you can see why “doughnuts” caught on instead.
Also known as “oliebollen” or “oil balls,” so “oil cakes” is at least a relatively appetizing name.(Photo: Sander van der Wel)
The “dough” bit in “doughnut” is self-explanatory, but the “nut” might seem confusing given that doughnuts do not usually contain nuts. It is actually an old-fashioned term for a small round cake or biscuit. You may not have come across “nut” used like this before, but if you’re familiar with biscuits from the UK, you may have heard of a ginger nut (a small round ginger biscuit).
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The Rise of Donut
In case you weren’t sure, a donut is the same thing as a doughnut. The spelling “donut” is a little newer, though, having first popped up in the USA in the early twentieth century.
This spelling then slowly gained acceptance as a variant of “doughnut” until 1950. At that point, a small restaurant called Open Kettle that sold doughnuts and coffee changed its name to Dunkin’ Donuts.
Now just Dunkin’, but they still sell “donuts.”Since then, the word “donut” has spread much further. And while this spelling is still most common in American English, many dictionaries list it as a variant in other English dialects around the world.
Summary: Doughnut or Donut?
“Doughnut” and “donut” are simply variant spellings. As such, neither is necessarily wrong. However, we do have some guidelines on using each one:
- Doughnut is still the most common spelling of this term, especially outside North America. As such, you should generally use this term when writing for an international audience.
- Donut is a variant of this term, mainly used in American English. You should always use this spelling when referring to the brand Dunkin’ Donuts.
And if you’re too busy eating doughnuts today to proofread your own writing, why not let the experts do it instead? We promise not to get any jelly on your document (unless we run out of red ink).